Top 10 Selenium Interview Questions & Answers

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1. What is Selenium, and why is it used?

Selenium is an open-source automation testing tool for web applications. It supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, and C#. It is widely used due to its cross-browser compatibility and strong automation capabilities.

2. What are the different components of Selenium?

Selenium consists of four key components:

Selenium IDE – A record-and-playback tool.
Selenium WebDriver – Used for automating web browsers.
Selenium Grid – Enables parallel execution across multiple machines.

3. What are locators in Selenium?

Locators help identify web elements. The different types include:

ID
Name
Class Name
XPath
CSS Selector
Link Text

4. How do you handle alerts in Selenium?

Using the Alert interface:

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.accept(); // Accept the alert

5. How do you handle dynamic elements in Selenium?

Use XPath functions or WebDriverWait:

<pre> WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(), 'Start')]"))); </pre>

6. What is the difference between driver.get() and driver.navigate()?

driver.get(URL) – Opens a webpage and waits until it’s fully loaded.
driver.navigate().to(URL) – Opens a webpage but allows navigation options like back, forward, and refresh.

7. How do you handle multiple windows in Selenium?

Use getWindowHandles() to switch windows:

String parentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { driver.switchTo().window(handle); }

8. What is the Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium?

POM is a design pattern that separates test scripts from UI elements. It enhances code maintainability and reusability.

9. How do you perform data-driven testing in Selenium?

By using external data sources like Excel and integrating with Apache POI:

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“data.xlsx”); XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fis);

10. How do you handle dropdowns in Selenium?

Using the Select class:

Select dropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(“dropdown”))); dropdown.selectByVisibleText(“Option 1”);

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Top 10 Selenium Interview Questions & Answers