Top 25 Selenium Interview Questions & Answers

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1. How do you automate drag and drop in Selenium?

Automation of drag and drop in selenium:

Actions actions = new Actions(driver); actions.dragAndDrop(sourceElement, targetElement).build().perform();

2. What are the different types of locators in Selenium?

Types of locators in selenium:

ID
Name
ClassName
TagName
LinkText
PartialLinkText
XPath
CSS Selector

3. What is XPath and its types?

XPath is a syntax for defining elements in XML documents and Selenium uses it to locate elements in HTML.

Types of XPath

Absolute XPath: starts from the root (e.g., /html/body/div[1])
Relative XPath: starts from the middle (e.g., //div[@id=’example’])

4. What is the difference between findElement() and findElements()?

findElement(): returns the first matching element.
findElements(): returns a list of all matching elements.

5. How to handle dropdowns and alerts in Selenium?

Dropdowns


Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("dropdown")));
select.selectByVisibleText("Option1");

Alerts

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.accept(); // or alert.dismiss();

6. How to handle multiple windows?


String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();
for (String win : windows) {
    driver.switchTo().window(win);
}

7. How do you integrate Selenium with CI tools like Jenkins?

Configure a Jenkins job.
Use Git to pull Selenium project.
Set build steps to compile and run test cases using Maven or TestNG.

8. What is headless browser testing in Selenium?

Headless browser testing allows running tests without opening a UI browser.


ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--headless");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

9. How do you upload a file in Selenium?


driver.findElement(By.id("upload")).sendKeys("path/to/file");

10. Can Selenium automate desktop applications?

No, Selenium only supports web-based applications. For desktop automation, use tools like AutoIt or Robot Framework.

11. What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit()?

close(): closes the current browser window.
quit(): closes all windows and ends the WebDriver session.

12. How do you take a screenshot in Selenium?


File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

13. How do you scroll in Selenium?


JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,500)");

14. How do you handle iframes?


driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");
// Perform actions
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

15. What is TestNG and list the annotations in it?

TestNG is a testing framework inspired by JUnit and used for organizing and managing Selenium test cases.

@Test
@BeforeMethod
@AfterMethod
@BeforeClass
@AfterClass

16. How to run Selenium tests using Maven?

Create a pom.xml with Selenium dependencies. Write tests and use

mvn test to execute.

17. How do you verify tooltip in Selenium?


String tooltip = driver.findElement(By.id("element")).getAttribute("title");

18. How do you run Selenium tests in parallel?

Use TestNG with <parallel> attribute in XML:


<suite name="Suite" parallel="tests" thread-count="2">

19. How do you generate test reports in Selenium?

Use TestNG default reports or integrate with tools like Allure, ExtentReports.

20. What is the difference between get() and navigate().to() in Selenium?

Both load a web page, but navigate().to() allows navigating back and forth using

navigate().back() and navigate().forward().

21. How do you handle SSL certificate errors in Selenium WebDriver?


ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

22. What is the use of JavascriptExecutor in Selenium?

JavascriptExecutor is used to execute JavaScript code in the browser.


JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);

23. How can you avoid StaleElementReferenceException in Selenium?

Re-locate the element after DOM update.
Use in explicit wait.

24. How do you switch between tabs in Selenium WebDriver?


ArrayList<String> tabs = new ArrayList<>(driver.getWindowHandles());
driver.switchTo().window(tabs.get(1));

25. How to perform mouse hover in Selenium?


Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("menu"))).perform();

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Top 25 Selenium Interview Questions & Answers